Is Your Water Bottle Killing Your Glycogen Stores?

Is Your Water Bottle Killing Your Glycogen Stores? Most recreational runners view hydration as a simple arithmetic problem: sweat lost = water drunk. They believe that maintaining a high fluid volume prevents the “bonk” and sustains performance. This is a dangerous oversimplification. The relationship between fluid intake and glycogen depletion is a complex metabolic feedback loop where the pursuit of euhydration can inadvertently accelerate glycogenolysis. The Glycogen-Water Bond To understand the mechanism, we must look at the molecular structure of the fuel source. Glycogen is not a dry, inert powder; it is a hydrophilic polymer. Research indicates that glycogen is stored in the muscle linked to at least 3 grams of water per gram of glycogen. This water is integral to the structural integrity of the storage granules. When you dehydrate, you aren’t just losing a fluid; you are destabilizing the intracellular environment that houses your energy reserves. ...

February 28, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is delaying your post-run carbs sabotaging your next performance?

Is delaying your post-run carbs sabotaging your next performance? The immediate post-exercise window is not a time for dietary experimentation. It is a physiological imperative. The consensus among recreational runners is often to wait for a “proper meal” or to attempt to remain in a fasted state to “teach the body to burn fat.” This is a performance tax. The data dictates that the metabolic machinery for glycogen resynthesis is primed only in the first hours following catabolic stress. ...

February 27, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is Lactate a Metabolic Dead-End or the Key to Lactate Clearance?

Is Lactate a Metabolic Dead-End or the Key to Lactate Clearance? Stop calling lactate a waste product. It is the primary fuel source for your heart, brain, and slow-twitch fibers during high-intensity efforts. The prevailing narrative among the running hobbyist class-that lactate accumulation causes fatigue-is a physiological misconception. The reality is that fatigue is caused by the inability to clear lactate fast enough. The solution isn’t to run slower to avoid producing it; it is to build the machinery required to oxidize it. This machinery is mitochondrial density. Without an increase in the number and volume of these cellular power plants, you are simply delaying the inevitable accumulation of metabolic byproducts. ...

February 26, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is the 'Anabolic Window' a Myth for Distance Runners?

Is the ‘Anabolic Window’ a Myth for Distance Runners? The recreational runner is obsessed with the ‘anabolic window.’ The narrative is simple: finish a hard interval session, immediately consume a shake, and secure the gains. This dogma is peddled by supplement companies and perpetuated by the fitness industry, yet it contradicts the metabolic reality of endurance physiology. The premise relies on the assumption that post-exercise muscle is uniquely primed for nutrient uptake, creating a critical deadline for protein consumption. However, the data suggests a more relaxed reality: the ‘garage door’ of opportunity is wide open, not a slamming door. ...

February 25, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is the 'Live High, Train Low' Myth Killing Your Threshold?

Is the ‘Live High, Train Low’ Myth Killing Your Threshold? The prevailing dogma in endurance coaching is the “Live High, Train Low” (LHTL) protocol. You ascend to 2,400m, sleep there to boost erythropoietin (EPO) and red blood cell mass, and descend to sea level to hammer threshold intervals. The logic is sound: maximize oxygen delivery while maintaining high-intensity training stimulus. However, this approach ignores the specific metabolic adaptations required for the marathon. If you are chasing a personal best in a sea-level race, the LHTL model is flawed. It treats altitude as a simple oxygen delivery problem, ignoring the profound impact of chronic hypoxia on lactate utilization and mitochondrial efficiency. The data suggests that for the specific goal of sustaining a high lactate threshold, staying high-specifically during the long run-is the superior strategy. ...

February 24, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is the 'Easy' Run Actually the Hardest Adaptation to Trigger?

Is the ‘Easy’ Run Actually the Hardest Adaptation to Trigger? Most recreational runners view the easy run as a recovery activity-a necessary evil between hard workouts. This is a fundamental misunderstanding of the physiology. The data suggests that the “easy” run is not merely a recovery tool, but the primary driver of mitochondrial biogenesis. If you are running too fast, you are actively sabotaging the very adaptations you are trying to achieve. ...

February 23, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Why Sleep Deprivation is the Ultimate Volume Killer: The High-Intensity Solution

Is Your Sleep Debt Sabotaging Your High-Intensity Gains? Most runners view sleep as a penalty to be paid for training volume. The prevailing hobbyist consensus suggests that if you aren’t exhausted, you aren’t working hard enough. This is a physiological fallacy. Sleep is not a luxury; it is the substrate for adaptation. Without it, the training stimulus is wasted. The Metabolic Catastrophe of Sleep Restriction The International Olympic Committee (IOC) and NCAA position statements on sleep health define sufficiency as at least seven hours for adults, emphasizing circadian alignment and the absence of sleep disorders. However, the data goes further than simple duration. A comprehensive meta-analysis published in JAMA Network Open involving nearly seven thousand adults revealed dose-response relationships between aerobic exercise and fat loss that were fundamentally altered by sleep restriction. Sleep deprivation doesn’t just make you feel slow; it fundamentally alters the body’s metabolic composition, creating a state where the body prioritizes survival over adaptation. ...

February 22, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is the Ice Bath Sabotaging Your Adaptation?

Is the Ice Bath Sabotaging Your Adaptation? You just finished a 20-mile progression run. Your quads are burning, your heart rate is elevated, and the classic “hobbyist” advice screams at you to jump into a tub of ice water for 15 minutes. You do it. You feel numb. You think you’ve won. You haven’t. You’ve just suppressed the physiological signal required for the next adaptation. The prevailing consensus among the running community is that inflammation is the enemy. We treat muscle soreness as a pathology to be eradicated, not as the physiological currency of progress. Cold water immersion (CWI) is the tool of choice for this eradication, but the data suggests we are trading long-term performance for short-term comfort. The inflammatory response is not a defect; it is the engine of mitochondrial development and hypertrophy. When you submerge yourself in cold water, you are not merely soothing aches; you are dampening the very mechanisms that make you faster and stronger. ...

February 21, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Is the 'Venous Return' Myth Costing You Gains?

Is the ‘Venous Return’ Myth Costing You Gains? The hobbyist consensus dictates that compression gear is a metabolic pump. The data says otherwise. A scoping review of 183 studies indicates that while compression garments reduce muscle oscillatory properties and increase localized skin temperature, they likely do not meaningfully change metabolic responses, blood pressure, or heart rate. The Mechanism: Mechanical Stabilization The primary mechanism for reduced soreness is mechanical, not chemical. Compression dampens the micro-vibrations of muscle fascia during recovery, stabilizing the sensorimotor system. This stabilization, combined with the slight elevation in skin temperature, creates an environment where the perception of pain is lower, even if the tissue damage is identical. ...

February 20, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe

Why Your Brain Quits Before Your Legs Do: The Hidden Limiter of Sub-Threshold Pace

Why Your Brain Quits Before Your Legs Do: The Hidden Limiter of Sub-Threshold Pace You finish a grueling eight-hour workday, sit down for a run, and immediately notice your legs feel like lead. Your heart rate is 160 bpm, your breathing is heavy, and you cannot hold your target sub-threshold pace. You blame glycogen depletion. You blame a lack of fitness. You assume you simply need to “toughen up.” You are wrong. The physiological markers-heart rate, VO2, and blood lactate-remain stable. The limiting factor is not your muscles; it is your brain. ...

February 19, 2026 · Eike Christian Karbe